Caffeine pill6/7/2023 ![]() Provision of inaccurate information about prevalence reduced the predictive power of attitude with respect to willingness by 40-45%. ![]() ![]() Structural equation modeling confirmed that our participants’ willingness and intention to use caffeine pills in the next exam period could be explained by their past use of neuroenhancers, attitude to NE and subjective norm about use of caffeine pills whilst image of the typical user was a much less important factor. Two hundred and thirty-one university students were randomized to a high prevalence condition (read faked research results overstating usage of caffeine pills amongst peers by a factor of 5 50%), low prevalence condition (half the estimated prevalence 5%) or control condition (no information about peer prevalence). In our factorial survey experiment, we manipulated the evidence participants were given about the prevalence of NE amongst peers and measured the resulting effects on the psychological predictors included in the Prototype-Willingness Model of risk behavior. Recent research has indicated that university students sometimes use caffeine pills for neuroenhancement (NE non-medical use of psychoactive substances or technology to produce a subjective enhancement in psychological functioning and experience), especially during exam preparation. Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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